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In a hydraulic circuit with multiple accumulators connected in parallel, if one bladder ruptures, will the other accumulators experience any change in volume?
Published Time:
2024-11-15 17:21
Category:
Case study
Under normal operating conditions, if the system maintains continuous oil supply and the system pressure remains constant, the rupture of one accumulator bladder will not alter the total volume of the other accumulators connected in parallel. This is because the bladder’s volume (shown as item 5 in the figure) depends solely on the pre‑charged gas pressure and the system’s working oil pressure—the pressure within the pipe indicated by DM. When the system is idle, the oil pressure is nearly zero; under the action of the pre‑charged gas pressure, the bladder (5) expands fully, and the poppet valve (6) seats against its seat. Once the system starts operating and the oil pressure exceeds the pre‑charged gas pressure, the poppet valve (6) opens, allowing hydraulic fluid to enter the accumulator and compress the bladder. As the gas is compressed, the pressure inside the bladder rises until it balances with the oil pressure. Consequently, if one accumulator bladder ruptures, hydraulic fluid enters the bladder and mixes with the gas. The fluid is supplied by the pump; as long as the pump delivers oil promptly at the moment of rupture, the oil pressure will not drop, and the volumes of the other accumulator bladders remain unchanged. However, if the pump can only maintain a minimal flow rate, the oil pressure will decrease, causing the volumes of the other bladders to adjust—typically increasing—but the system can still function to some extent. As for the stroke length mentioned by the questioner, it will not be affected by a bladder rupture, provided that the control valve or the pump continues to deliver the same volume and flow rate of hydraulic fluid to the actuator; under these conditions, the working stroke remains unaffected.
However, the dangers posed by a ruptured casing should not be overlooked. Let us analyze this:
When the bladder of an accumulator ruptures, hydraulic fluid enters the bladder and mixes with the gas. In a favorable scenario, the gas coalesces inside the accumulator; in a more severe case, the gas is carried out by the fluid: if it enters a valve, it can produce a whistling noise; if it reaches a cylinder or motor, the rapid reduction in the fluid’s bulk modulus due to the gas–fluid mixture degrades the dynamic performance of the actuating mechanism; if it enters the reservoir, and the reservoir is sealed, it may cause sudden pressurization, resulting in abnormal noises or even rupture; and if it enters a pump or motor, it can further break down into fine foam, leading to a rapid deterioration in fluid quality and necessitating an oil change.
Therefore, regarding the frequent rupture of bladder accumulators mentioned by the questioner, it is essential to investigate the root cause. First, assess whether the selection process failed to account for the system’s operating conditions—for example, whether the system frequently experiences large‑scale charging and discharging cycles, rapid pressure release events, or excessively high transient pressures. A ruptured bladder indicates bladder failure, typically resulting from reaching the fatigue‑failure limit of the bladder material. If the operating conditions align with these scenarios, consider switching to a piston‑type accumulator to prevent recurrence.
Accumulators are highly intriguing components in hydraulic systems, analogous to capacitors in electrical circuits or springs in mechanical systems. They serve as critical energy‑storage elements, enabling a wide range of sophisticated functions—such as hybrid power applications, shock absorption, pressure stabilization (and sometimes flow‑rate regulation), and the rapid release of stored energy to simulate impact loads.
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What are the causes of severe pressure drop and shortened service life in bladder-type accumulators?
What are the causes of severe pressure drop and short service life in bladder-type accumulators? The structure of a bladder-type accumulator is quite simple, consisting mainly of an oil chamber surrounding the bladder and a gas chamber equipped with a gas‑tight seal. During operation, the hydraulic fluid must be connected to the hydraulic circuit; when the system pressure rises, the fluid flows into the accumulator, compressing the gas until the pressure in the system pipeline stabilizes.
How can we reduce failures when an accumulator malfunctions?
If an accumulator malfunctions, its performance will be directly affected, potentially leading to abnormal pressures and system failure. Therefore, it should receive close attention during routine operation, and appropriate measures must be implemented to mitigate risks. So, how can we minimize failures when an accumulator malfunctions? The following sections address this issue.
Accumulators are intriguing components in hydraulic systems, analogous to capacitors in electrical circuits or springs in mechanical systems. As critical energy‑storage elements, they serve a variety of sophisticated functions, including hybrid‑power applications, shock absorption, pressure stabilization (and sometimes flow‑rate regulation), and the rapid release of stored energy to simulate impacts.
Is a bladder-type accumulator suitable for use in series with gas cylinders or cylinder banks?
1. Bladders typically have a shorter service life than piston‑type accumulators, and their quality varies significantly among different manufacturers. 2. Many factors can shorten a bladder’s lifespan and lead to rupture, including variations in the bladder’s intrinsic quality and durability; improper handling during assembly (e.g., failure to pre‑fill with fluid for lubrication); incorrect procedures during pre‑charging (e.g., insufficiently slow inflation); errors in calculating the pre‑charge pressure; oil‑port flow velocities approaching or exceeding 7 m/s; single‑stroke reciprocation times of 10 seconds or less when used for energy storage; collisions between the bladder and check valves during operation; large temperature fluctuations (including significant seasonal differences); prolonged lateral vibration; fluid‑induced corrosion; and inertial impacts from minute solid contaminants in the working medium, among others.
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